Interpreting: The process of transmitting spoken English into American Sign Language and/or gestures for communication between deaf and hearing people.
Transliterating: the process of transmitting spoken English into any one of several English-oriented varieties of manual communications between deaf and hearing people.
Affect: refers to emotion or feelings of the speaker or the person the speaker is quoting.
Bicultural: refers to an individual who has knowledge about two Cultures and who has developed socially appropriate behaviors necessary to fit in each of the two Cultures. They have the ability to shift from Culture to Culture.
Bilingual-Bicultural Philosophy: a set of beliefs regarding d/Deaf individuals, ASL and communication dynamics which influences the way a person views her/his role and work as an interpreter. Includes a belief of d/Deaf as members of an oppressed language-Culture group, the need to maintain dynamic equivalence in the communication event and linguistic mediation.
Code of Ethics: a set of guidelines which requires that an individual develop effective decision making skills, a clear sense of their own beliefs and values, understand how society defines right/wrong-good/bad, and have the ability to apply all of this to spur of the moment, professional dilemmas. All professions have a code to guide practitioners and consumers in their fields.
Environmental factors: lights, extraneous auditory or visual noise, distance from the interpreter to the speaker, distance from the interpreter to the audience and other factors that can affect communication.
Frozen Form: information or texts which are fixed-written, video taped or audio taped.
Helper Philosophy: A set of belief's regarding d/Deaf individuals, ASL, and communication dynamics which influences the way a person views her/his role and work as an interpreter; includes a belief of d/Deaf people as handicapped and needing a care taker and the interpreter taking full responsibility for the interaction or communication dynamics taking place.
Institutionalized oppression: attitudes taught overtly or covertly in schools, through the media, and in homes and churches which result in the denigration of the minority group's language, culture, and personhood. Members of the minority group have neither power in the institutions that impact their lives, nor the opportunities for self-determination; a result of group oppression.
Lag time: the time used by the interpreter to analyze the source language utterance and to make cultural and linguistic adjustments before producing an equivalent message in the target language (alternate term; processing time)
Loan signs: a sign based on a fingerspelled word with modified movement to reflect the characteristics of a sign. Examples (FS) include; club, sports, and back. Note: FS means fingerspelled.
